Gunsmith Part 23: Choosing the Right Gunsmithing Vise

The Importance of a Quality Vise

The world of gunsmithing, like any skilled trade, thrives on precision, patience, and the right tools. Those who have spent any time in a gunsmithing workshop understand that a stable, reliable work surface is paramount. And at the heart of many gunsmithing operations, holding components securely and allowing for safe manipulation, stands the venerable vise. For this installment of our ongoing series, we delve into the crucial decision of *Choosing the Right Gunsmithing Vise*.

Before we get into the specifics of vise selection, it’s critical to understand *why* a good vise is so important. Think of the vise as a strong, unwavering third hand, capable of holding gun parts firmly in place. It facilitates tasks ranging from minor adjustments to extensive modifications, allowing the gunsmith to focus on accuracy rather than struggling to keep a part stationary. A poorly chosen vise, or one of inadequate quality, can lead to a myriad of problems. Parts can be damaged, accuracy compromised, and even the gunsmith’s safety put at risk. Choosing the correct vise is often an investment that will pay dividends in the long run through improved efficiency, safety, and quality of work.

Understanding the Fundamentals of Vise Design

A gunsmithing vise, while appearing straightforward, comprises several key components that influence its performance and suitability for the tasks at hand.

The Jaw

This is the part that actually grips the workpiece. Jaws are generally made from hardened steel, and their surface can vary, influencing the types of materials and shapes they can accommodate.

The Body

This is the main structural element of the vise, typically made from cast iron or steel. The body houses the mechanism that drives the jaws, allowing for opening and closing. A sturdy body is critical for resisting flexing or distortion during use.

The Screw Mechanism

This is the heart of the vise’s clamping action. The screw mechanism is typically made up of a threaded screw that, when turned, moves a sliding jaw in or out. The screw should be robust, designed to withstand considerable force.

The Swivel Base (Optional)

Some vises feature a swivel base that allows the vise to be rotated on its axis. This feature is incredibly useful for positioning the workpiece at different angles, providing better access for various gunsmithing tasks.

The Anvil (Optional)

Some vises are designed with a built-in anvil on their body. The anvil provides a solid surface for shaping, bending, or striking parts.

Essential Features to Consider

With the fundamental components understood, selecting the right gunsmithing vise requires careful evaluation of several key features.

Jaw Width and Opening Capacity

These measurements determine the largest size workpiece the vise can accommodate. Choose a vise with ample jaw width and opening to handle the range of gun parts you typically work with. Wider jaws provide more surface area for clamping.

Jaw Materials and Surface

The material and surface of the jaws are critical. Jaws made from hardened steel are a must for durability. Consider the surface of the jaws: plain jaws are versatile, while serrated jaws can provide a more secure grip, but may also mar the workpiece if not used carefully. Soft jaw inserts, made from materials like brass, aluminum, or nylon, can be added to the jaws to protect delicate parts and prevent scratching. These are crucial when working on blued or finished surfaces.

Swivel Base

As mentioned earlier, a swivel base provides versatility, allowing you to orient the workpiece at various angles. This is particularly useful for tasks like drilling or filing at angles. Ensure that the swivel base locks securely to prevent movement during work.

Anvil Surface

An anvil surface can be invaluable for small forming and shaping tasks. If you anticipate needing to perform such tasks, choose a vise with a well-sized and hardened anvil.

Construction Quality

The overall build quality of the vise is a primary consideration. Look for heavy-duty construction, with a solid body and a smoothly operating screw mechanism. The moving parts should be precision-machined for durability and longevity. Check online reviews to gauge the experiences of other gunsmiths with specific models.

Clamping Force

The vise needs to be capable of generating significant clamping force to hold gun parts securely. Look for a vise that boasts high clamping force ratings.

Jaw Protection

Look for options to protect the work from the jaws. Removable soft jaws are a good investment.

Types of Gunsmithing Vises

The world of gunsmithing vises offers various types, each designed to excel in specific applications.

General-Purpose Vises

These are the most common type, designed to handle a wide range of gunsmithing tasks. They typically feature a solid base, hardened steel jaws, and a robust screw mechanism. They are usually very versatile.

Swivel Vises

Equipped with a swivel base, allowing rotation for optimal positioning of workpieces. These vises are useful for tasks like drilling, filing at angles, and assembling parts.

Cross Slide Vises

These feature a cross slide mechanism, offering precise movement in two perpendicular directions. They are valuable for tasks like milling, drilling, and precisely positioning parts for welding or other operations.

Specialty Vises

These are designed for specific tasks or types of firearms. Examples include barrel vises, which securely grip barrels without damaging them, and action vises, which are designed to hold the receiver of a rifle or shotgun.

Soft Jaw Considerations

The use of soft jaws is highly recommended for many gunsmithing tasks, especially when working with finished or delicate parts. Soft jaws are typically made from materials like:

Brass

Excellent for holding soft metals and protecting finished surfaces.

Aluminum

Lighter than brass but still protects against scratching.

Nylon/Polymer

Great for non-marring grip, and often cheaper than metal options.

Soft jaws are generally attached to the vise’s steel jaws and provide a non-damaging gripping surface. When choosing soft jaws, ensure they are compatible with your vise model and have the appropriate thickness and shape for the types of parts you typically work with.

Setting Up Your Vise in the Workshop

Once you’ve selected your vise, the setup is just as important.

Secure Mounting

The vise must be securely mounted to a sturdy workbench. Use appropriate bolts and washers to fasten the vise to the bench.

Bench Height

Ensure the bench height is comfortable for you. This will impact your ability to exert proper force and maintain accuracy.

Work Area Clearance

Make sure there is adequate clear space around your vise to allow for freedom of movement and comfortable access to the workpiece.

Tool Placement

Have commonly used tools readily accessible.

Maintenance and Care

Regular maintenance will prolong the life of your gunsmithing vise and ensure it functions properly.

Lubrication

Lubricate the screw mechanism regularly with a quality machine oil. This will ensure smooth operation and prevent wear.

Cleaning

Keep the vise clean and free of debris. Wipe down the jaws and body after each use.

Inspection

Periodically inspect the vise for wear and tear. Check the jaws for damage, and tighten any loose components.

Storage

Store the vise in a dry location when not in use to prevent rust.

Evaluating the Best Gunsmithing Vise for Your Needs

Budget

Determine how much you can spend. There are excellent vises at various price points.

Typical Work

What types of gunsmithing tasks will you be performing most frequently? This will inform your needs regarding jaw size, swivel base, and other features.

Workshop Space

Consider the available space in your workshop.

Reviews

Always consult user reviews to get insight from other gunsmiths.

The Importance of Safety

Always prioritize safety when using a gunsmithing vise:

Eye Protection

Wear safety glasses at all times.

Gloves

Wear appropriate gloves for the task, especially when handling rough or sharp parts.

Proper Clamping

Ensure the workpiece is securely clamped before applying any force.

No Over-Tightening

Don’t over-tighten the vise, as this can damage the vise or the workpiece.

Awareness

Be aware of your surroundings and any potential hazards.

Gunsmith Part 23: The Right Choice for Your Future

Selecting the proper gunsmithing vise is a significant decision, one that can profoundly impact the quality of your work, the safety of your procedures, and your overall enjoyment of the craft. By carefully considering the factors discussed above, understanding the fundamentals of vise design, and matching the right tools to your specific requirements, you can choose a vise that will be a dependable companion in your workshop for years to come. Remember, this is an investment, and the right vise will pay dividends. In the next installment of our series, we’ll dive into Using Your Vise to Perform Various Gunsmithing Tasks.